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Stonehenge Findings at the Megalithic Monument

Stonehenge, quite possibly the most famous archaeological site in the world, is a megalithic monument of 150 enormous stones set in a purposeful circular pattern, located on the Salisbury Plain of southern England, the main portion of it built about 2000 BC. The outside circle of Stonehenge includes 17 enormous upright trimmed stones of hard sandstone called sarsen; some paired with a lintel over the top. This circle is about 30 meters (100 feet) in diameter, and, stands about 5 meters (16 feet) tall. Inside the circle are five more paired-and-linteled stones of sarsen, called trilithons, each of these weighing 50-60 tons and the tallest 7 meters (23 feet) high. Inside that, a few smaller stones of bluestone, quarried 200 kilometers away in the Preseli Mountains of western Wales, are set in two horseshoe patterns. Finally, one large block of Welsh sandstone marks the center of the monument. Dated Phases at Stonehenge Dating Stonehenge is tricky: radiocarbon dating has to be on organic materials and, since the monument is primarily of stone, the dates must be in close association with construction events. Bronk Ramsey and Bayliss (2000) summarized the available dates in this manner.   Mesolithic: radiocarbon dates range between 6590-8820 cal BC, a ring of posts? unclear on the extent of usePhase 1 3510-2910 cal BC: construction and initial use of the first monument, including a segmented ditch with a bank and counterscarp bank and a ring of posts. At the base of the ditch were found over 100 antlers and animal bones. Radiocarbon dates on the animal bonePhase 2 3300-2140 cal BC: elaborate timber settings built in the center and across the eastern side of the monument, the ditch silted up and cremation burials were placed in and around the monument. Radiocarbon on animal bone and antlerPhase 3 2655-1520 cal BC: the first stone monument built, echoing the pattern of the timber circle. Radiocarbon on antlers:  Sarsen circle: 2620-2480 cal BC; Beaker Age burial: 2360-2190 cal BC; Sarsen trilithons 2440-2100 cal B; Bluestone Circle 2280-2030 cal BCPhase 4 2580-1890 cal BC: the avenue constructed, parallel ditches which extend for 2.8 km from the monument to the river Avon Archaeology Stonehenge has been the focus of archaeological investigations for a very long time indeed, beginning with the likes of William Harvey and John Aubrey in the 17th century. Although claims for Stonehenges computer have been pretty wild, the alignment of the stones is widely accepted as intended to mark the summer solstice. Because of that, and because of a legend that associates Stonehenge with the first century AD druids, a festival is held at the site every year on the June solstice. Because of its location near two major British arteries, the site has also been subject to development issues since the 1970s. Sources See Solstices at Stonehenge for photos and ancient observatories for others. Baxter, Ian and Christopher Chippendale 2003 Stonehenge: The brownfield approach. Current Archaeology 18:394-97. Bewley, R. H., S. P. Crutchley, and C. A. Shell 2005 New light on an ancient landscape: Lidar survey in the Stonehenge World Heritage Site. Antiquity 79:636-647. Chippindale, Christopher 1994 Stonehenge Complete. New York: Thames and Hudson. Johnson, Anthony. 2008. Solving Stonehenge. Thames and Hudson: Lond. Bronk Ramsey C, and Bayliss A. 2000. Dating Stonehenge. In: Lockyear K, Sly TJT, and Mihailescu-Bà ®rliba V, editors. Computer Applications and Quantitative Methods in Archaeology 1996. Oxford: Archaeopress.

Cardiovascular Health Risk Factors Among Americans

Cardiovascular disease has gained a global attention due to the overwhelming number of cases reported annually. Stakeholders from various health monitoring agencies, health care providers, and government agencies have come together to tackle the disease, and reduce morbidity and mortality. Organizations such as the Million Hearts Initiative, the American Heart Association (AHA) 2020 Goals, and the Healthy People 2020 goals have established public health objectives aimed at targeting cardiovascular risk factors, and improving the outcome of the disease (Sidney, Rosamond, Howard Luepker, 2013). The aspirations of the AHA 2020 objectives are to enhance the cardiovascular well-being of all Americans by 20%, as well as decrease related deaths from cardiovascular diseases and stroke by 20% (Sidney et al., 2013). Statistical analysis of the predominance of cardiovascular health risk factors among Americans is overwhelming and therefore needs immediate action. According to Go et al. (2013), about 31.9 million adults 20 years or older have total serum cholesterol levels greater than or equals to 240 mg/dL. According to a statistical data recorded between 2007 to 2010, 33% of United States adults aged 20 years of age or older are hypertensive, that is about 78 million US adults, and 44% globally (Go et al., 2013). In 2010, an overwhelming 19.7 million people in the United States were diagnosed with diabetes mellitus, in addition to 8.2 million unconfirmed cases, and 38.2% peopleShow MoreRelatedCardiovascular Disease ( Cvd ), High Blood Pressure, Congestive Heart Failure1662 Words   |  7 Pagesjournals pertaining to cardiovascular disease (CVD), high blood pressure, congestive heart failure, hypertension and other coronary heart disease among the Muslim community. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the decreasing of blood flow due to condensing and toughening of the arteries that supply blood to the heart muscles. A recent study found that every 33 seconds, there are de ath from CVD in the United States (ARA, 2004). The main problems associated with CVD among Muslim American adult men populationRead MoreCross Sectional Study In Health1273 Words   |  6 PagesArticle 4: The Prevalence of Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors among Employees in the Kingdom of Bahrain between October 2010 and March 2011: A Cross-Sectional Study from a Workplace Health Campaign. Background and Purpose In this article, the authors Ameera Ali AL-Nooh, Abdulhussain Abdulabbas Abdulla Alajmi, and David Wood highlight the increasing prevalence of Cardiovascular Diseases (CVD) and factors contributing to CVD among working adults in Bahrain (AL-Nooh, AbdulhussainRead MoreWomens Heart Center At The Bakersfield Heart Hospital1647 Words   |  7 Pagesaspects of Cardiovascular Disease in Women and make recommendations about changes in social and behavioral factors that will lead to a decrease in this public health issue. 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Smoking is among the top preventable risk factors of heart disease amongst many other health problems. Coronary heart disease and strokes are the primary types of cardiovascular disease caused by smoking. They rank as the first and third leading causes of death in the United States. More than 61 million Americans suffer from some form of cardiovascular disease. Smoking increases your risk for high blood pressure, coronary heart disease, stroke, congestiveRead MoreWomen and Heart Disease Essay1560 Words   |  7 Pagesdo healthcare providers need to know about cardiovascular disease in women and how their symptoms and present ation differ from men will be discussed. Coronary heart disease is the leading cause of death in women and men in the Western world. Nearly 1 million cardiovascular related deaths a year are women. Many women’s risk factors go unrecognized and untreated by their primary care physician (Pregler et al., 2009). According to FamilyDoctor.org, â€Å"American women are 4 to 6 times more likely to dieRead MoreCardiovascular Diseases And Strokes And The Filipino Community1268 Words   |  6 PagesCardiovascular Diseases and Strokes in the Filipino Community The American culture is not easily defined. The greatest thing about the American culture is that it consists of multicultural beliefs and accepted norms. One culture that has made a great impact on the American cultural is the Filipino-American culture. As we all may know, some of the major factors that play a critical role in a culture’s identification is food and medicinal practices. Unlike the American practices, persons of the Filipino

Gender As A Socially Constructed Accomplishment Essay Example For Students

Gender As A Socially Constructed Accomplishment Essay Elliott YousefzadehSociology 1Essay 3Gender As A Socially Constructed AccomplishmentGender is a very strange topic in todays society. Many people dont know what to do with people who are transvestites or transsexuals and they often times hate them because they are different. People always think that there can only be two types of gender: masculine and feminine. People also feel that these genders most always correspond to a persons sex. So if the person is a male, then most people wouldnt accept that person into society if they acted feminine. ?For human beings there is no essential femaleness and maleness, femininity or masculinity, womanhood, or manhood, but once gender is ascribed, the social order constructs and holds individuals to strongly gendered norms and expectations. Individuals may vary on many of the components of gender any may shift genders temporarily or permanently, but they must fit into the limited number of gender statuses their society recognizes.? (Lorber, Night To His Day: The Social Construction of Gender, For Individuals, Gender Means Sameness, Page 463)a defining feature of reality construction is to see our world as being the only possible one.? (Kessler McKenna, Gender: An Ethnomethodological Approach, The Primacy of Gender Attribution, Page 475)Many people dont realize that gender is a socially constructed accomplishment. People make up methods in their heads about ways that people should be and if one doesnt act they way the other person deems that one should, then they do not fit into that persons reality. ?Every society classifies people as ?girl and boy children (Lorber, Night To His Day: The Social Construction of Gender, Page 460)People always try to guess what gender a person is. If one doesnt know and is unsure of anothers gender than they keep on looking at them trying to find clues on about that persons gender. I often times see people, usually children, and I cant decide whether they or male or female, or should I say ma sculine or feminine. ?Then we are uncomfortable until we have successfully placed the other person in a gender status; otherwise, we feel socially dislocated.? (Lorber, Night To His Day: The Social Construction of Gender, Page 460)In other countries this might not even be the case, some countries have more than two genders. These other genders are often called berdaches, hijras, or xaniths. ?Some societies have three genders-men, women, and berdaches, or hijras, and xaniths. Berdaches, hijras, and xaniths are biological males who behave, dress, work, and are treated in most respects as social women; they are therefore not men, nor are they female women; they are in our language, ?male-women.? (Lorber, Night To His Day: The Social Construction of Gender, Page 461)Societies that also do not do things the way we do also have ways of defining a persons gender although there sex could easily be seen. ?Even societies that do not cover womens breasts have gender-identifying clothing, scarification, jewelry, and hairstyles.? (Lorber, Night To His Day: The Social Construction of Gender, Page 461)We must accept the fact that gender can be altered because it is only made up from what we think of gender. If we feel that only men should play baseball, then if we see a person wearing a baseball cap, we believe them to be masculine and a male. ?Most people find it hard to believe that gender is constantly created and re-created out of human interaction, out of social life, and is the texture and order of that social life.? (Lorber, Night To His Day: The Social Construction of Gender, Page 459)At all times we constantly try to find out a persons sex and gender. We often place the two together and dont even realize that they could be different. Sometimes we even completely misunderstand the two. .ue1c0798f85e7920e5a175ac57198e7ea , .ue1c0798f85e7920e5a175ac57198e7ea .postImageUrl , .ue1c0798f85e7920e5a175ac57198e7ea .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ue1c0798f85e7920e5a175ac57198e7ea , .ue1c0798f85e7920e5a175ac57198e7ea:hover , .ue1c0798f85e7920e5a175ac57198e7ea:visited , .ue1c0798f85e7920e5a175ac57198e7ea:active { border:0!important; } .ue1c0798f85e7920e5a175ac57198e7ea .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ue1c0798f85e7920e5a175ac57198e7ea { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ue1c0798f85e7920e5a175ac57198e7ea:active , .ue1c0798f85e7920e5a175ac57198e7ea:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ue1c0798f85e7920e5a175ac57198e7ea .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ue1c0798f85e7920e5a175ac57198e7ea .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ue1c0798f85e7920e5a175ac57198e7ea .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ue1c0798f85e7920e5a175ac57198e7ea .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ue1c0798f85e7920e5a175ac57198e7ea:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ue1c0798f85e7920e5a175ac57198e7ea .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ue1c0798f85e7920e5a175ac57198e7ea .ue1c0798f85e7920e5a175ac57198e7ea-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ue1c0798f85e7920e5a175ac57198e7ea:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Child Development Essay?You might be right most of the time in guessing that a feminine heterosexual with facial hair, a deep voice, and broad shoulders was someone to whom you would make a ?male gender attribution were you to interact with that person.? (Kessler McKenna, Gender: An Ethnomethodological Approach, The Primacy of Gender Attribution, Page 474)When it comes to dealing with transsexuals and transvestites, we often believe that they should not be in our community. Transsexuals and transvestites feel unnatural in the way society treats them so they try to change it by acting differently. They feel that by doing this, society will treat them differently, and often times it does work. ?Transvestites and transsexuals carefully construct their gender status by dressing, speaking, walking, gesturing in the ways prescribed for women or men-whichever they want to be taken for-and so does any ?normal person.? (Lorber, Night To His Day: The Social Construction of Gender, Page 460)?Gender identity refers to an individuals own feeling of whether she or he is a woman or a man (Kessler McKenna, Gender: An Ethnomethodological Approach, The Primacy of Gender Attribution, Page 470)In the film we saw during class, we saw many men acting like women because of various reasons. The men made the appearance of women to the best of their abilities. They did such a good job portraying women in some cases, that I actually felt disturbed at some point because I found myself accepting the fact that they could be feminine, even if their sex wasnt female. the social construction of gender overrode any possible inborn traits.? (Lorber, Night To His Day: The Social Construction of Gender, For Individuals, Gender Means Sameness, Page 463)Many people are very good at accomplishing their goal of changing their gender although they are not capable of changing their sex. Some accomplish this so well that the people they live with dont even realize the person is a different sex. ?Billy Tipton, a woman, lived most of her life as a man. She died recently at 74, leaving a wife and three adopted sons for whom she was husband and father, and musicians with whom she had played and traveled, for whom she was ?one of the boys.? (Lorber, Night To His Day: The Social Construction of Gender, Page 461)Then there is the case of the Baby Project X. In this situation a baby was born, with a undisclosed sex, and treated as a neutral gender. Many people at first were angered with this and didnt want to have anything to do with this. ?The cousins who sent the baby a tiny football would not come and visit any more.? (Gould, X: A Fabulous Childs Story, Page 453)This baby faced many problems as it was slowly developing, after all the biggest problem that if faced was other people. ?But nobody could help X with the biggest problem of all-Other Children.? (Gould, X: A Fabulous Childs Story, Page 454)?Their parents werent one bit pleased with Peggys wonderful biology experiments, or with Joes terrific needlepoint pillows.? (Gould, X: A Fabulous Childs Story, Page 455)People surround the baby and involved with its life were very worried about the effect that it would have on their children as well, even though their own children really enjoyed being with baby X because it excelled in multiple-gender activities. ?Just because X doesnt know what it is, or what its supposed to be, it wants to get everybody else mixed up, too!? (Gould, X: A Fabulous Childs Story, Page 455)In the end, the baby was sent by societies force to the schools psychologist because people thought that there was something mentally or physically wrong with this baby, but there actually wasnt. .u9451eef4ac49fbe569f879759bd21db0 , .u9451eef4ac49fbe569f879759bd21db0 .postImageUrl , .u9451eef4ac49fbe569f879759bd21db0 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u9451eef4ac49fbe569f879759bd21db0 , .u9451eef4ac49fbe569f879759bd21db0:hover , .u9451eef4ac49fbe569f879759bd21db0:visited , .u9451eef4ac49fbe569f879759bd21db0:active { border:0!important; } .u9451eef4ac49fbe569f879759bd21db0 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u9451eef4ac49fbe569f879759bd21db0 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u9451eef4ac49fbe569f879759bd21db0:active , .u9451eef4ac49fbe569f879759bd21db0:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u9451eef4ac49fbe569f879759bd21db0 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u9451eef4ac49fbe569f879759bd21db0 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u9451eef4ac49fbe569f879759bd21db0 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u9451eef4ac49fbe569f879759bd21db0 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u9451eef4ac49fbe569f879759bd21db0:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u9451eef4ac49fbe569f879759bd21db0 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u9451eef4ac49fbe569f879759bd21db0 .u9451eef4ac49fbe569f879759bd21db0-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u9451eef4ac49fbe569f879759bd21db0:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Reflective Statement: King of Chess Essayjust about the least mixed-up child Ive ever Xamined!? (Gould, X: A Fabulous Childs Story, Page 456)People soon realized that a persons true sex would come out when they reach puberty because they will then be attracted to a certain sex, and their gender from then on will always be based on the opposite sex. ?He means that by the time Xs sex matters, it wont be a secret any more!? (Gould, X: A Fabulous Childs Story, Page 457)People must realize that they way gender is made is based upon the way they are treated are looked upon by other people and the way they show themselves to other people. People always try to determine a gender by a persons sex but often find that they cannot, and can only classify a person by they way that they act. .gender cannot be equated with biological and physiological differences between human females and males. The building blocks of gender are socially constructed statuses.? (Lorber, Night To His Day: The Social Construction of Gender, Page 461)People in the United States often show much hatred towards transsexuals and transvestites because they are NOT socially accepted. ?Modern Western societies transsexuals and transvestites are the nearest equivalent of these crossover genders, but they are not institutionalized as third genders (Bolin 1987).? (Lorber, Night To His Day: The Social Construction of Gender, Page 461)In conclusion, we must always try to understand a persons feelings about how they wish to be a different gender. Sociology